Know Your HR Terms: Protected Classes
Protected classes—also known as protected characteristics—come from several federal laws (about half are from Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964). Although we’re usually talking about them with respect to employment, they may also come into play in housing, education, and public accommodations.
The characteristics protected by federal law in employment settings include race, color, religion, age (over 40), sex (including sexual orientation, gender identity, and pregnancy), disability, national origin (including ethnicity and accent), genetic information (including that of family members), military service (past, present, or future), and citizenship or immigration status.
While you have a lot of leeway to make employment decisions as you see fit, you’re prohibited from making decisions based on a person’s inclusion in any of these protected classes. Refusing to hire or promote someone because they’re over 40, gay, or from Mexico, for example, would be unlawful discrimination under federal law. Many states also have their own anti-discrimination laws that protect additional characteristics, and employers should make sure they’re aware of those.
We recommend including the full list of applicable protected characteristics in your employee handbook so that everyone is aware of them.
Legal Disclaimer: This post does not and is not intended to contain legal advice, and its contents do not constitute the practice of law or provision of legal counsel. OTP cannot be held legally accountable for actions related to its receipt.
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